Hitler s Role During The Holocaust Essay - 1154 Words

On January 20th, 1942, top German officials met in Wannsee to discuss the administration of the ‘final solution.† Reinhard Heydrich, Chief of the Reich Main Security Office, exclaimed, â€Å"the evacuation of the Jews to the east has now emerged, with the prior permission of the Fuhrer, as a further possible solution instead of emigration.† The change in commitment highlights a significant change in the Jewish question, which until then had centered around forced emigration to the French colony in Madagascar. Insofar as Hitler’s role in the Holocaust, Heydrich provides evidence to suggest that the Fuhrer was willing to hide his direct involvement in the administration and implementation of the â€Å"final solution.† But that is not to say that Hitler enjoyed a minor influence on the Jewish question, because he certainly shared full responsibility for the mass murder of Jews and other undesirables with others like Heydrich and the SS Chief Heinrich Him mler. It is worth noting that Hitler was hesitant towards open Jewish discrimination. Insofar as he didn’t want to alarm international Jews. The heinous Nazi idea of mass murder took many smaller, equally significant, steps before it blossomed into one of the greatest atrocities in human history. But the first step, the invasion of Poland in 1939 and the subsequent other steps that follow, owe their origins to two key terms born from strong anti-Semitic rhetoric preached by Hitler: Lebensraum and Germanization. Certainly, Germany andShow MoreRelatedAdolf Hitler : Leading The Genocide1182 Words   |  5 PagesAdriana Flores Mrs.Harrington English 2; Per. 5 23 March 2015 Adolf Hitler: Leading the Genocide The Holocaust was the mass murder of Jews under the German Nazi regime in 1941 to 1945. There are many components of this significant event. One important component was Adolf Hitler, the leader of the Nazi Party and Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945. Hitler contributed to the execution of Jews during WWII through his ideology, his dictatorship, and his leadership of the Nazi Party. To initiateRead MoreThe Aftermath Of The Holocaust1668 Words   |  7 Pagesunutterable violence of the Holocaust shook our confidence in possibility of telling any story of faith at all - Timothy Radcliffe states this to show that the world lives in denial of the Holocaust and how much it truly affected the nation and the ability to express belief and opinions. The reason for a horrendous occasion can be investigated by Hitler s rise to power and through what occurred during the Holocaust itself. Evaluating the aftermath of the Holocaust can show the event s effects on the wholeRead MoreContribution And Impact Of The Ss Of Carrying Out The Holocaust1187 Words   |  5 PagesIn this essay I will be discussing Assess the role, contribution and impact of the SS in carrying out the Holocaust. What was the Holocaust? The Holocaust was a memorable event in 20th century history. It began with discrimination; then the Jews were segregated from their communities and killed; and finally they were treated like property beings and murdered. During the Second World War the Nazis aim was to erase the entire Jewish population of Europe and to destroy its culture and its existanceRead MoreEssay on Causes of the Holocaust980 Words   |  4 PagesCauses of the Holocaust The Holocaust took place for a number of reasons some of which were long term and others short term. The main reasons are; for centuries Germany had been an anti-Semitic country Jews were used as scapegoats for German problems. Also centuries of Nazi persecution caused the Holocaust in particular 1933 -1939 as well as Adolf Hitler and his racist views which influenced thousands of Germans. The Main reason for the holocaust happening wasRead MoreLord Of The Flies By William Golding1271 Words   |  6 Pagesfollowing in his father s footsteps and teaching English and philosophy to unruly boys at Bishop Wordsworth’s School, Golding abandoned his profession to join the Royal Navy and fight in World War II. Golding has said of the war, â€Å"I began to see what people were capable of doing. Anyone who moved through those years without understanding that man produces evil as a bee produces honey, must have been blind or wrong in the head† (â€Å"William Golding†). Written in the early 1950’s in Salisbury, England,Read MoreThe Horrors Of The Holocaust1605 Words   |  7 PagesSpeculations about the grim events during the very horrific Holocaust are unfortunately being denied stating it was not as gruesome as many may have stated it was or did not even exist to begin with. This is not only outrageous but disrespectful to those who lost their li ves during the gruesome time. History states that the Holocaust was a period in time where a very fascist dictator, Adolf Hitler, killed over six million European Jews who did not fit the criteria of genetically having blonde hairRead MoreThe Holocaust Was Influenced By Hate, And The Remembrance Of Holocaust1430 Words   |  6 PagesThe Holocaust was the systematic killing and extermination of millions of Jews and other Europeans by the German Nazi state between 1939 and 1945. Innocent Europeans were forced from their homes into concentration camps, executed violently, and used for medical experiments. The Nazis believed their acts against this innocent society were justified when hate was the motivating factor. The Holocaust illustrates the consequences of prejudice, racism, and stereotyping on a society. It forces societiesRead MoreWho Is Responsible For The Holocaust?1012 Words   |  5 PagesWho is Responsible for the Holocaust? (Title) Kitty Hart-Moxon recalls, â€Å"Arrival in Auschwitz is a defining moment in your life. The doors open, you are thrown out, greeted by barking dogs, screaming figures with whips, a stench of burning flesh and a glow of fire† (Harding). Hart-Moxon’s vivid memories of violence stayed with her a lifetime. If a person was fortunate to survive the agony of the Holocaust, one was left battered, broken, and in most cases asking why. Although the Jews, politicalRead MoreThe Victims Of The Holocaust1005 Words   |  5 Pagesperson was fortunate to survive the agony of the Holocaust, one was left battered, broken, and in most cases asking why. Although the Jews, political dissidents, homosexuals, and other groups targeted by the Nazis will never get their lives back, they can gain some solace from identifying the perpetrators of the Holocaust and using that knowledge to ensure it never happens again. 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UN Human Rights Regime Assignment Free Essays

string(49) " achieve common good for the society as a whole\." Introduction ‘The International Bill of Human Rights is a promissory note to recognize, promote and protect the inherent dignity of individuals. However, justice must sometimes defer to amnesty following gross violations of human rights in a State.’ Critically examine this statement. We will write a custom essay sample on UN Human Rights Regime Assignment or any similar topic only for you Order Now The International Bill of Human Rights comprises the Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1950, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1966 (ICCPR) (with its two Optional Protocols) and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights 1966, all adopted by the United Nations. The ideas inherent in these declarations/protocols are directed at recognising, promoting and protecting the inherent dignity of individuals. However, these ideas may come into conflict with a range of other principles, including amnesty laws enacted by individual states. Amnesty may be defined as a pardon given by a government to a group of people who have not yet been convicted. By its very nature amnesty presupposes the complete obliteration of past offences of individuals. Currently, in the age of accountability, there is a prohibition on amnesties for serious crimes under international law[1], and many argue that this trend is likely to continue. For example, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights bans any amnesty provision which is capable of eliminating responsibility for a serious crime under the Convention. The ‘new’ UN position on amnesties also emphasises the denial of amnesty for the perpetrators of serious crimes involving gross human rights violations. However, as Orentlicher argues, it is not clear whether all amnesties should be held unlawful, (1991:80). This essay will first provide a criticism of the statement above and then outline weaknesses behind that criticism, arguing that justice must sometimes defer to amnesty following gross violations of the state, despite the wording of the International Bill of Rights. It will then provide concrete arguments in support of the statement and conclude that, despite all the injustices inherent in the idea of granting amnesty for gross violations of human rights, it is sometimes the only available measure in the circumstances and, therefore, is completely justified by necessity. There are a number of arguments against the idea that justice must defer to amnesty when there is a gross violation of human rights, and most of these arguments, as Orentlicher points out, stem from the legal, moral and political duties of a state to hold the perpetrators of gross human rights violations accountable (1991:43). Firstly, it could be argued that although there is no treaty explicitly prohibiting amnesty, the International Bill of Human Rights presupposes such a prohibition. For example, Article 2 (3) of the ICCPR provides for a right to an effective remedy, which may be understood as requiring states to ensure that punishment of human rights offenders is carried out.[2] Moreover, the UN Human Rights Committee states in 1992 that â€Å"amnesties are generally incompatible with the duty of states to investigate [acts of torture]†[3]†¦to guarantee freedom from such actions† and â€Å"to ensure that they do not occur in the future†.[4] In this respect, any amnesty provision can potentially appear to be in a direct conflict with the wording and spirit of the Covenant, especially since it can potentially deny persons from seeking compensation through court. This means that a person’s right to access to court is also denied. Moreover, the body of jurisprudence of such organs as the UN and Inter-American systems points to the conclusion that amnesties should be seen as incompatible with basic human rights obligations of states, (Robinson, 2003:486). However, as Freeman points out, the right to a remedy is not as broad as it is often thought to be (2009:40), and there is no right available to people to force a prosecution. The right to remedy only places an obligation on the state to conduct an effective investigation which may lead to the capture and punishment of offenders. Also, international law does not state that states must prosecute every human rights violation in every case. The UN has also been seen as supporting amnesty measures which were related to international crimes and which were necessary to end military deadlock, (Naqvi, 2003:34). It could also be argued that perhaps the key word in the UN Human Rights Committee’s General Comment of 1992 is ‘generally’ and the inclusion/use of an amnesty provision may sometimes be justified in the circumstances. Moreover, as Robinson (2009:489) argues, â€Å"to impose a duty to prosecute on some states is simply to impose too much burden on them, as some democracies are too fragile and if they start prosecuting, it may lead to their destruction†. It may also be impossible to prosecute all the offenders if the scale of human rights violations is very large in a country. Although to this one may reply that governments may choose to prosecute leaders of gross human rights violations instead, this may also be undesirable in certain circumstances. Leaders may have close attachments to their community, and their prosecution may lead to further revolts and bloodshed. Alston and Goodman (2012:1391) argue on similar lines, stating that if one denies the participation of former leaders (who are also the perpetrators of past offences) in a present government, it may effectively â€Å"obstruct social integration and political stability†. By way of example, Alston and Goodman refer to the undesirable consequences of prosecuting major organisations who were involved in the apartheid regime in South Africa, (2012: 1392). Perhaps the most powerful argument against amnesties involves victims’ rights and tolerance of impunity. Protesters of amnesty measures argue that amnesty infringes states’ obligations to make sure that victims receive means to achieve justice, and seek out the truth in their cases (Mallinder, 2008:7). By imposing an amnesty measure, the perpetrators’ crimes are effectively denied, causing victims to feel alienated from society, which, in turn, increases the likelihood of vigilantism on their part (Mallinder, 2008:10). There are not many who would deny the negative impact that amnesty has on victims and/or their families, and the argument here is that such a negative impact cannot be avoided if one is to achieve common good for the society as a whole. You read "UN Human Rights Regime Assignment" in category "Essay examples" Another point against the statement that justice must sometimes defer to amnesty following gross violations of human rights is that such a deferral, by its very nature, prevents the achievement of the aims of criminal justice, such as prosecution, retribution, stigmatisation and deterrence (Freeman, 2009: 20). Aston and Goodman take this view and point out that trials can be very important in the promotion of â€Å"norms and expectations of punishment† in the country, (Alston and Goodman, 2012:1392). Moreover, as Freeman points out, the deferral of justice to amnesty in spite of the International Bill of Human Rights’ promissory note, undermines public confidence in the rule of law, (Freeman, 2009: 33). However, even assuming that amnesty is capable of preventing the realisation of some of the criminal justice’s goals, it should not be forgotten that an amnesty measure can take many forms. Freeman states that, more often than not, an amnesty measure would be accompanied by other provisions, such a reparation programme, which may lessen the harm caused by an amnesty, and an amnesty’s potential harm caused is always overestimated, (2009:25). Another argument is that there are many conditional amnesties in existence, which may encompass some of the aims of the criminal justice process, for example, Freeman enumerates a number of temporal and provisions amnesties, (2009:93). Even if one takes into account the need for a trial and all its benefits, it is not altogether clear that a trial or its threat may lead to beneficial results in every case, because as Freeman argues, a threat of a trial may lead to the perpetrators destroying the vital evidence needed in the future for the victims or their relatives to find out the truth about a crime, (2009:24). In support of this argument Alston and Goodman also state that any attempts at prosecution in a state which undergoes the transition from an authoritarian past may threaten a delicate peace-conflict balance between different groups, (2012:1391). Mallinder makes a similar argument when she states that although the trial of leaders may benefit the society by asserting the supremacy of democratic values (as argued by Scharf), there may not be enough evidence to put those leaders on trial in the first place, (2008:18). Here, it is interesting to point out an illuminating point made by Mallinder that there could be an instance where the distinction between victims and perpetrators is not clear, for example, in the case of child soldiers who are part of a rebel group in Uganda, and, therefore, the prosecution and punishment may have to take a back seat, (Mallinder, 2009: 34). Clark also questions the belief that the promotion of individual criminal responsibility is always desirable, (in Lessa and Payne, 2012:13). He draws attention to the criminal prosecutions in Rwanda and Uganda, and argues that by insisting on the prosecutions, the international organisations overlooked â€Å"the specific context and dynamics of these countries†, for example, the absence of legal procedures and institutions to carry out an effective judicial process, (2012:14). This means that even though the countries may be the signatories of the International Bill of Human Rights, their specific contexts should be taken into account, and may be used to justify the imposition of conditional amnesties. One of other widespread arguments against the idea that amnesty should be granted is that doing so only creates a culture of impunity, encouraging future violence, and prevents accountability. This view has a widespread support from many governments around the world, for example, from the government of Sri Lanka.[5] When academics make this argument they often refer to the offenders who continue violate human rights, and are only stopped when amnesty is granted to them. The clear example of this is Ugandan rebel group ‘The Lord Resistance Army’s public statement that they will only stop the violence if amnesty is granted to its members. Nevertheless, to these arguments it can be replied that it is not necessarily the case that amnesty will produce further violence, and in fact, there may be situations where one must choose a lesser of two evils and invoke an amnesty provision. Freeman supports this argument. Therefore, it seems that although the case for the abolition of amnesty is a strong one, it is not without its weaknesses, and despite the promissory note of the International Bill of Human Rights, there may be circumstances where the imposition of an amnesty provision is not a truly unthinkable course of action. It is clear that there are obvious discrepancies between the theoretical foundations of the International Bill of Human Rights and the practical application of the Bill. There inevitably will be circumstances where it is unwise to follow the literal meaning of the Bill. The reality of an international/domestic political scene is that sometimes compromises must be made in order to safeguard peace in a country and prevent further conflict. In the same vein, Snyder and Vinjamuri maintain that in order to prevent future violations of rights and reinforce the respect for the rule of law it is often necessary to â€Å"strike politically expedient bargains that create effective coalitions to contain the power of potential perpetrators of abuses,† (Snyder and Vinjamuri, 2003:17). Thus, one of the main arguments for the proposition that justice must sometimes defer to amnesty following gross violations of human rights is that such deferral of justice is likely to foster reconciliation and may be necessary to achieve peace in terms of promoting political settlement. Linked to this is an argument that amnesties are needed so that a state can make a break from its past and start from a ‘clean slate’, (Mallinder, 2008:13). Governments often use these reasons to justify the imposition of amnesties when it is necessary to end violence. However, this view is becoming more controversial as the states-signatories to the International Bill of Human Rights move to the implementation of more mechanisms of accountability, and this view is not shared by everyone. For example, in 2007 the ICC Prosecutor, Lois Moreno-Ocampo termed the demands of amnesty made by combatants as being nothing less than pure blackmail. Moreover, the offering of amnesty may appear as t hough a state is showing signs of weakness, which may, in turn, encourage more violations of human rights, (Mallinder, 2008:12). However, despite this, Freeman supports the view that amnesties may sometimes be necessary to achieve peace in a state, (2009:11). He contends that there may not be any other choice for societies which have gone through mass violence and genocide, (2009:7). Freeman asserts that he is against the idea of impunity for serious crime, but he states that there may be situations where the desire for peace and security should stand above any impunity which may result from granting amnesty (2009:6). In particular, he states that if we look at such countries as Burma and Somalia and their particular contexts, one may be forgiven for wishing any kind of amnesty in order to ensure the survival of people by lessening daily violent conflicts, even though this leads to impunity, (2009:24). Another argument against the view that amnesties are needed to achieve peace in a country, and to ensure a smooth transition from an authoritarian regime to a democratic one, is provided by Robinson when he draws on an example of Sierra Leone, (Robinson, 2003:490). In that country, unconditional amnesties were granted to ensure that peace would follow only to discover that the culture of impunity was reinforced and gross violations of human rights continued. However, in reply to all this, it can be pointed out that, regarding the International Bill of Rights in particular, amnesties can be used, because the International Bill encompasses a wide variety of rights, and unlike the Rome Statute, is not primarily concerned with the protection against gross human rights violations. Freeman also makes a relatively convincing argument that amnesties are rarely granted without the imposition of other orders or qualifications, such as a reparation programme or an institutional reform measure, (2009:14). Truth Commissions, which are primarily set up to investigate the causes of death/injury unlawfully perpetrated, often play an important role in offsetting the damage done by amnesty. However, it is questionable whether they are, in fact, as successful as they were initially perceived to be. For example, again using the Sierra Leone example, the Lome Accord 1999 was designed to provide both an amnesty provision and a Truth Commission investigation, but was unsuccessful in its implementation (Alston and Goodman, 2012:1452). Nevertheless, a broad conception of justice usually agrees with the idea that there could be a Truth Commission and a limited amnesty in place to satisfy â€Å"the essential purpose of the right to justice†, (Naqvi, 2003:34). Dugard seems to be of the same view when he states that even though unconditional amnesties should not be permitted, a Truth Commission should still be capable to grant amnesty after an investigation, provided that amnesty contributes to the achievement of peace and justice, and is more effective than prosecution, (Dugard, 1999:1020). Arguably, South Africa’s imposition of a conditional amnesty showed that it was possible to combine an amnesty with an accountability process which culminated in the achievement of truth and social healing. Another argument, which is linked to the argument about the right to remedy discussed above, and which is put forward by Freeman and Pensky (in Lessa and Payne, 2012), is that an amnesty measure will not necessary infringe international law in every instance. This argument rests on the well-known fact that the status of amnesties in international law is unclear, and the practice of its imposition still persists in many countries, including Rwanda, Cambodia, El Salvador and South Africa. This point is supported by Laplante, who argued that the status of an â€Å"outright prohibition on amnesty remains unclear†, (Laplante, 2009:920). To illustrate the point, Mallinder discovered in her research that the number of amnesties which includes different kinds of crimes has increased, and this casts doubt on the proposition that we are living in the age of accountability (Mallinder in Lassa and Payne, 2012:95). Mallinder concludes that this means that there is still a belief that an am nesty measure may be deemed necessary where there is some exceptional situation, (Mallinder in Lassa and Payne, 2012: 96) Liked to this is the idea that amnesties do not necessarily stand in opposition to the spirit of the International Bill of Human Rights, and, in fact, can fulfil some of its provisions by balancing competing goals, and facilitating long-term peace and security in the nation. One particular example is where a political activist-offender is integrated into a society anew, preventing further disputes. The final point is that some defendants are unlikely to come within the scope of criminal prosecution as defined by the Rome Statute, and some countries’ legal systems may not be sufficiently evolved to prosecute such defendants. In these cases, it may be argued that amnesty could be granted to alleviate the political tension in the country if it exists. Moreover, even the Rome Statute could be said to presuppose the use of amnesties as it gives discretionary powers to prosecutors/judges to take account ‘the interests of justice’, particularly for those defendants which are unlikely to come within the scope of the International Criminal Court’s prosecution.[6] Thus, it seems that it may not be correct to treat all amnesties as being in the opposition to the principles of justice and truth, and the specific context of a country must be taken into account. Even though amnesties violate the victim’s rights and can potentially create a culture of impunity, it is important to recognise that some amnesties, in some circumstances, may be an effective measure directed at achieving peace and security in a country. This is especially true since it is wrong to think of amnesties as either granting complete impunity or achieving long-term peace. This view fails to take into account the sheer diversity of amnesty measures which a state can employ, and which can be combined with the variety of accountability measures, (Mallinder, 2008:8). Moreover, as Freeman points out, justice may sometimes defer to amnesty because such practice is virtually unavoidable, although it should be maintained as a practice of the last resort (2009:4). Moreover, oncl oser examination, the granting of an amnesty may not be in the direct conflict with the spirit of the International Bill of Human Rights and, therefore, it is fair to say that justice must sometimes defer to amnesty following gross violations of human rights in a state. Word count: 3,228. Bibliography Books/Academic Articles Alston, P. and Goodman, R. (2012) International Human Rights, New York: Oxford University Press Cassese, A. (2008) International Criminal Law, New York: Oxford University Press Cassese, A. (2004) International Law, 2nd Edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press Dugard, J. (1999) ‘Dealing with Crimes of a Past Regime: Is Amnesty Still an Option?’, Leiden Journal of International Law, 12, No. 4, at p. 1001 Freeman, F. (2009) Necessary Evils: Amnesty and the Search for Justice, 1st Edition, New York: Cambridge University Press Griffey, B. (2011) ‘The ‘Reasonableness’ Test: Assessing Violations of State Obligations under the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights’, Human Rights Review, Vol. 11, No. 2 Harris, D., Moeckli, S. and Sivakumaran, S. (2010) International Human Rights Law, 1st Edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press 8. Joyce, D. (2010) ‘Human Rights and the Mediatization of International Law’, Leiden Journal of International Law, Vol. 23, Issue 3, pp. 507-527 Laplante, L. (2009) ‘Outlawing Amnesty: The Return of Criminal Justice in Transitional Justice Schemes’, Virginia Journal of International Law, 49, at p. 915 Lessa, F. and Payne, L. (2012) Amnesty in the Age of Human Rights Accountability, New York: Cambridge University Press Loucaides, L. (2003) ‘TheDeveloping Case Law of the Inter–American Court of Human Rights’, Human Rights Law Review, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 1-25 Mallinder, L. (2010) ‘Law, Politics and Fact-Finding: Assessing the Impact of Human Rights Reports’, Journal of Human Rights Practice, 1, No. 4 Mallinder, L. (2009) ‘The Role of Amnesties in Conflict Transformation’, in Ryngaert, C. (ed.) The Effectiveness of International Criminal Justice, Intersentia Publishers Mallinder, L. (2008) Amnesty, Human Rights and Political Transitions: Bridging the Peace and Justice Divide, Hart Publishing Meisenberg, S. (2004) ‘Legality of Amnesties in International Humanitarian Law. The Lome Amnesty Decision of the Special Court for Sierra Leone’, International Law Review of the Red Cross, 86, No. 856 Naqvi, Y. (2003) ‘Amnesty for War Crimes: Defining International Recognition’, International Law Review of the Red Cross, Vol. 85, pp. 583-560 (2003); Available: http://www.mkkk.org/eng/assets/files/other/irrc_851_naqvi.pdf [10 Dec 2013] Orentlicher, D. (1991) ‘Settling Accounts: The Duty to Prosecute Human Rights Violations of a Prior Regime’, The Yale Law Journal, Vol. 100, at p. 2537 Robinson, D. (2003) ‘Serving the Interests of Justice: Amnesties, Truth Commissions and the International Criminal Court’ European Journal of International Law, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 481-500 Snyder, J. and Vinjamuri, L. (2003) ‘Trials and Errors: Principle and Pragmatism in Strategies of International Justice’, International Security, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp. 5-44; Available: http://belfercenter.hks.harvard.edu/publication/343/trials_and_errors.html [ 9 Dec 2013] Weissbrodt, D. Ni Aolain, F., Fitzpatrick, J. and Newman, F. (2009) International Human Rights: Law, Policy, and Process, LexisNexis Publishing; Available: http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/intlhr2006/chapters/chapter8.html [ 7 Dec 2013] Reports United Nations (2011) Report of the Secretary General’s Panel of Experts on Accountability in Sri Lanka, New York: United Nations Publications; Available: http://www.un.org/News/dh/infocus/Sri_Lanka/POE_Report_Full.pdf [10 Dec 2013] Web Materials The International Centre for Transitional Justice (2009) Justice, Truth, Dignity: Amnesty Must Not Equal Impunity [Online]; Available: http://ictj.org/publication/amnesty-must-not-equal-impunity [8 Dec 2013] How to cite UN Human Rights Regime Assignment, Essay examples

Humanist Interpretation of Hieroglyphs - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Humanist Interpretation of Hieroglyphs. Answer: Introduction An allegory is the depiction of a subject in the appearance of another subject. A figurative painting may incorporate figures symbolic of various enthusiastic perspectives for instance envy or love or representing other unique ideas, for example, locate, radiance, excellence, Revolution, or France. These are called metaphorical figures. The elucidation of a purposeful anecdote subsequently depends first on the distinguishing proof of such figures, however and still, after all that the importance can stay slippery. Symbolic subjects were much of the time painted from the Renaissance until around 1800, in spite of the fact that they were likely regularly utilized as a part of decorations and engraved frontispieces to books. Single metaphorical figures were additionally painted, at times in arrangement, each figure speaking to, for instance, one of the Liberal Arts or the Virtues management (Giehlow Raybould, 2015). Symbolism is another name of this genre. The term was authored in 1886 by French scholar Jean Moras to portray the verse of Stphane Mallarm and Paul Verlaine. It was soon connected to visual workmanship where the practical portrayal of the common world, found in impressionism, authenticity, naturalism, was dismissed for fanciful dream universes populated with strange figures from writing, the book of scriptures, and Greek folklore (Berger, 2017). Crafted by symbolist craftsmen and journalists was likewise fuelled by new mental substance, especially sexual and magical. Regular topics included: love, fear, anguish, death, sexual arousing, and lonely want. Imagery was an intricate global marvel yet was particularly unmistakable in France (Gustave Moreau, Odilon Redon, Paul Gauguin), Belgium (Fernand Khnopff, Jean Delville), and Britain (Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Sir Edward Coley Burne-Jones, George Frederic Watts, Aubrey Beardsley). Visual images have for quite some time been a focal part of political correspondence, and their significance has expanded as the visual medium has turned into the predominant wellspring of political data. To put it plainly, visual pictures assume a focal part in developing political pictures. In spite of their focal position in political correspondence, researchers have generally ignored visual images in their exploration (Kone?ni, 2015). In view of a survey of the developing and considerable writing, this examination contends that it is the ideal opportunity for political correspondence researchers to dive further into how visual images work out in the open undertakings. As Adorno broadly composed, 'all art is an uncommitted crime', implying that workmanship challenges the present state of affairs by its exceptionally . In this way it can be contended that all craftsmanship or paintings are political as in it happens in an open space and draws in with an officially existing belief system and predominant talk. However, Meisner (2015) states art can regularly turn out to be perilously and unequivocally political and fill in as an effective weapon. All through the historical backdrop of social developments and social revolt, art has dependably responded against abuse, brutality, foul play and disparities. Tending to socio-political issues and testing the customary limits and chains of importance forced by people with significant influence, art can open up the space for the minimized to be seen and heard and add to the social change by creating learning and solidarity or basically bringing issues to light. Thus the individual life and work of the craftsm an rises above the individual and talk seriously to a bigger group of onlookers uniting the political and human elements of workmanship. Since numerous varieties of challenge to the artists who paint political allegory can be found all through the history, it is hard to set up the start of this politically captivating aesthetic articulation management. Lobbyist theoretical and execution workmanship was significantly impacted by Dada, a hostile to war development which utilized parody, non-levelheaded and against optimistic talk to study the First World War and its entrepreneur plan (Turner, 2017). A portion of the other early cases of challenge craftsmanship incorporate the Mexican muralist David Alfaro Siqueiros who has been extremely dynamic in left-wing governmental issues in the start of the twentieth century and needed to achieve dedicated Mexicans through workmanship. With regards to artistic work, Picasso's Guernica (1937) in view of the Spanish Civil War and catching its abominations and savagery, filled in as a motivation for the cutting edge human rights development. Allegorical painting today is really a diverse field and all things considered takes into consideration a wide range of methodologies and styles. As the periods and development move, the visual dialect today once in a while uses such solid religious reference, yet there is an incredible number of cases of craftsmen utilizing the regular articles to think about present problems that need to be addressed (Turner, 2017).. English craftsman Sarah Lucasis one such creator that utilizations model and establishments to advance moral story in workmanship (Carson Pajaczkowska, 2016). For Lucas, the utilization of purposeful anecdote uncovers how one question can hold in excess of one significance. In her work Two Fried Eggs and a Kebab, she utilizes nourishment to talk about the sexual politics. It is this move of the topic, influencing us to understand that the standard of the utilization of moral story will dependably continue as before. At last, moral story utilizes distinctive topics of the works of art and the different components that shape the arrangements to reflect further good, otherworldly, political implications and to talk about existence, passing, love, goodness, and equity (Meisner, 2015). Frequently, the main message and good we as a whole hear or recognize is the one that isn't a brutal update, however the one that enables us to understand it as we may see fit. Therefore it is understandable that allegorical painting is very effective in expressing political message and therefore it lifts up human consciousness to understand intricate details about politics and how to deal with the social issues. Conclusion Could there be a more illustrative route than the possibility of a veiled dialect to enable us to better comprehend what is figurative craftsmanship? Utilized over a variety of imaginative circles, in writing where it takes frame in a state of tale, anecdotes, verse, or short stories on account of a particular story, purposeful anecdote varies from the universe of images and imagery. Not at all like the image, where one protest, figure, or configuration remain for something unique, moral stories in compositions utilize distinctive components to tell another story then the one introduced by the specialists. A genuinely captivating reality about purposeful allegory is this it can solidify the transience of a message. For the individuals who cherish a decent story and are dependably looking for a message, this may seem like a test. Some of the time, the rich imagery of a specific figure, bloom, or another component that constructs the structure, escapes us because of the idea of the pr ogression of time. Reference: Berger, S. (2017).The Art of Philosophy: Visual Thinking in Europe from the Late Renaissance to the Early Enlightenment. Princeton University Press. Carson, F., Pajaczkowska, C. (2016).Feminist visual culture. Routledge. Giehlow, K., Raybould, R. (2015). The Humanist Interpretation of Hieroglyphs in the Allegorical Studies of the Renaissance.Leiden-Boston: Brill-Hes de Graaf. Kone?ni, V. J. (2015). Emotion in painting and art installations.The American journal of psychology,128(3), 305-322. Meisner, L. (2015). Allegorical Paintings and Albertis Istoria: Making the Unseen Seen.Agora,25(2016), 2. Turner, C. (2017).Art and Social Change: contemporary art in Asia and the Pacific. Canberra, ACT: Pandanus Books.

Jaelen Venable Essays (735 words) - Sports, American Football

Jaelen Venable March 7, 2017 English 111 College Football Coach vs. University President If the average American had to choose between being the head football coach of a major FBS (Football Bowl Subdivision) football program like Alabama or Ohio State or be the school's chancellor/president its safe to say the majority would choose to be a college football coach. After all Americans love their college football. Nowadays collegiate coaches make millions every year to coach football. Valerie Strauss of the Washington Post says "University presidents average a total salary of about $400,000 a year" (Washington Post). Alabama's Nick Saban makes seven million a year, so one can put that into comparison. Is this fair? I think it is because college coaches generate a great amount of money for the school, and have successful football programs, and have endorsements that help the university. College football coaches help generate a great amount of money for a university whether it be through television revenue or sports apparel. Television revenue is the biggest money producer for college coaches. When games are played on TV the university is allowed to advertise themselves to attract people to attend. There is also competition between networks and whichever creates the most revenue is what will be aired. College coaches are like a brand for the university they represent. The major programs that have successful athletic programs provide coaches with most of the money because if a coach is winning a school will pay top dollar to keep him there. A general rule of thumb a most universities is that a school cannot pay an employee is more than the president so this is why college coaches receive their money from other places and not the university. The president does not generate any money for the school, they simply oversee everything and make regulations. University of Alab ama president Judy Bonner said in a statement that Saban's salary "Is paid completely out of the athletic department's budget, which is self-supporting. The athletics department provides $5 million annually to help support faculty programs and academic scholarships" (News Today). Whenever a teenager is deciding what college they want to attend the football program will play a part in that decision. Students want to be apart of the football atmosphere and participate in games. A successful football program can create that atmosphere. A coach's success on the field adds to their pay. Consistently winning gets a coach extra incentives. Jim Baumbach's research states that "The incentive for winning the Southeastern Conference is $125,000 and $50,000 for being coach of the year" (News Today). Doing those two things alone is a little under half the salary of a university president. The athletic department sets goals for coaches like getting a certain number of wins, winning the conference, etc. There are also off the field goals for coaches as well, so they want to succeed in that also. For instance, if a coach's team averages a certain grade point average he can receive incentives for that, as well as how many players that graduate while he is head coach. Incentiv es can also be earned for things like sellout crowds. Endorsements play a big part in a college coach's salary. Alabama's Nick Saban has endorsements from Ford and Coca Cola. Those two companies alone can support him for the rest of his life because of how productive they are. Endorsements also promote the university. If someone see's Nick Saban drinking Coke or in a Coke commercial they will feel the need to research the University of Alabama. Fans will also drink Coke over a competitor like Pepsi just because Nick Saban is endorsed by Coke. Saban's corporation, Sideline Inc., "receives income related to fees, royalty payments, advance payments or similar compensation" (New York Times). Also players do not get paid and cannot receive benefits, so these companies and brands reach out to coaches instead. School presidents are not endorsed by anyone; their salary comes strictly from the university. College coaches being paid more than school president may not seem right, but its fair considering all the money generated by the athletic department of major football programs. Essentially the coach is earning every penny that is spent on him. College football is a multi

Elemental Composition of the Human Body by Mass

Elemental Composition of the Human Body by Mass This is a table of the elemental composition of the human body by mass for a 70 kg (154 lb) person. The values for any particular person may be different, especially for the trace elements. Also, the element composition does not scale linearly. For example, a person who is half the mass may not contain half the amount of a given element. The molar amount of the most abundant elements is given in the table. You may also wish to view the element composition of the human body in terms of mass percent. Reference: Emsley, John, The Elements, 3rd ed., Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1998 Table of Elements in the Human Body by Mass oxygen 43 kg (61%, 2700 mol) carbon 16 kg (23%, 1300 mol) hydrogen 7 kg (10%, 6900 mol) nitrogen 1.8 kg (2.5%, 129 mol) calcium 1.0 kg (1.4%, 25 mol) phosphorus 780 g (1.1%, 25 mol) potassium 140 g (0.20%, 3.6 mol) sulfur 140 g (0.20%, 4.4 mol) sodium 100 g (0.14%, 4.3 mol) chlorine 95 g (0.14%, 2.7 mol) magnesium 19 g (0.03%, 0.78 mol) iron 4.2 g fluorine 2.6 g zinc 2.3 g silicon 1.0 g rubidium 0.68 g strontium 0.32 g bromine 0.26 g lead 0.12 g copper 72 mg aluminum 60 mg cadmium 50 mg cerium 40 mg barium 22 mg iodine 20 mg tin 20 mg titanium 20 mg boron 18 mg nickel 15 mg selenium 15 mg chromium 14 mg manganese 12 mg arsenic 7 mg lithium 7 mg cesium 6 mg mercury 6 mg germanium 5 mg molybdenum 5 mg cobalt 3 mg antimony 2 mg silver 2 mg niobium 1.5 mg zirconium 1 mg lanthanum 0.8 mg gallium 0.7 mg tellurium 0.7 mg yttrium 0.6 mg bismuth 0.5 mg thallium 0.5 mg indium 0.4 mg gold 0.2 mg scandium 0.2 mg tantalum 0.2 mg vanadium 0.11 mg thorium 0.1 mg uranium 0.1 mg samarium 50 g beryllium 36 g tungsten 20 g

Learn About the Cappex Application

Learn About the Cappex Application Cappex has long been a player in the college admissions industry with its extensive and free databases of scholarship information and admissions data. In 2017, the company expanded its role further with the introduction of the free Cappex Application.   Distinguishing Features of the Cappex Application With the broad popularity of the Common Application and the growing acceptance of the Coalition Application, its easy to wonder why students really need another application option. Its a reasonable question, but for some schools the Cappex Application may be an applicants best option. The application has several notable features: Applying with the Cappex Application is free. All colleges and universities who accept the Cappex Application have agreed to waive all application fees. Fees tend to range from $30 to $80 per college, so the cost can be significant when applying to numerous schools. With  the Cappex Application, the expense of applying to college doesnt need to be a barrier to admission.Over 135 colleges accept the Cappex Application. That number is comparable to the 130 schools who accept the Coalition Application, and it far exceeds the mere 23 schools that currently accept the Universal Application. The Common Application trumps all the options with over 700 participating schools, but the perks of the Cappex Application can make it the better option at those schools that accept it.  No repetitive data entry. Whether youre searching for schools, finding scholarships, or applying to college, youll enter your data at Cappex only once. In fact, thousands of high school students have Cappex account s long before they start their applications, and their profile information will automatically fill in the appropriate fields in the Cappex Application. Overview of the Cappex Application The Cappex Application is highly customizable for the colleges that use it. Some of the participating schools have holistic admissions and require applicants to submit an application essay, letters of recommendation, and information about extracurricular activities. While many colleges will not require all of these elements, the Cappex Application includes the following fields: Personal Information (required by all schools)Family/Household InformationAcademic InformationSAT/ACT Scores (note that many of the schools that accept the Cappex Application have test-optional admissions)Extracurricular ActivitiesHonors and AwardsEmployment and Internship InformationDisciplinary HistoryEssay and Short AnswersLetters of RecommendationTranscriptsIntended MajorsOther (colleges can include any questions that dont fit into the categories above) The admissions standards of colleges that accept the Cappex Application vary widely, and some schools will require little more than your personal information and your academic record. Others will want to get to know much more about you. The application interface is very clear about which components each of your intended colleges requires. The Cappex Application Essay Many of the colleges and universities that accept the Cappex Application require an essay. Unlike the Common Application with its seven essay options, Cappex has a single essay prompt: Tell us a story about yourself that is key to understanding who you are.This could be a moment you changed, grew, or made a difference. Since many students who use the Cappex Application will also be using the Common Application for some schools, its useful to recognize that the Cappex essay prompt overlaps with many of the Common Application prompts. Common Application essay option #1, for example, asks applicants to share something about themselves that is central to who they are. Option #5 asks students to write about a moment of personal growth. And many of the Common Application options will explore moments of change, personal growth, and making a difference. The essay is often the most daunting piece of an application, but it is quite possible you can use the same essay for both the Common Application and the Cappex Application. Longer essays may need a little paring down, for the length limit on the Cappex Application is 600 words, 50 words fewer than the Common Application length limit. What Colleges Accept the Cappex Application? In just its first year, the Cappex Application has gained 125 members. That number will almost certainly grow in the future. You wont yet find any of the Ivy League schools using the Cappex Application, but the member schools include many highly regarded colleges such as the College of Wooster, Eckerd College, Juniata College, Millikin University, the University of Tampa, and Whittier College. The complete list is below. State Colleges Alabama Faulkner University Arkansas University of the Ozarks California Columbia College Hollywood, Holy Names University, Hope International University, John Paul the Great Catholic University, Notre Dame de Namur University, San Francisco Art Institute, Westmont College, Whittier College Delaware Goldey-Beacon College, Wesley College Florida Adventist University of Health Sciences, Eckerd College, Florida Institute of Technology, Florida Southern College, Saint Leo University, The University of Tampa, Webber International University Georgia Brenau University Hawaii Chaminade University of Honolulu Idaho Northwest Nazarene University Illinois Columbia College Chicago, Elmhust College, Eureka College, Greenville University, Illinois College, MacMurray College, Millikin University, Olivet Nazarene University, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Tribeca Flashpoint College, University of Illinois at Springfield, University of St. Francis Indiana Bethel College, Indiana Tech, Oakland City University, University of Evansville Iowa Briar Cliff University, Cornell College, Drake University, Grand View University, Morningside College, Wartburg College, William Penn University Kentucky Georgetown College, Spalding University Louisiana Centenary College of Louisiana, University of New Orleans Maryland St. Marys College of Maryland, University of Baltimore Massachusetts Bay Path University, Becker College, Elms College, Fisher College, Gordon College, Wentworth Institute of Technology Michigan Aquinas College, Madonna University Minnesota Minneapolis College of Art and Design, Saint Marys University of Minnesota, Southwest Minnesota State University Missouri Columbia College, Fontbonne University, Park University, Southwest Baptist University Montana Rocky Mountain College, University of Providence Nebraska Nebraska Christian College New Hampshire Plymouth State University New Jersey Georgian Court University New York Daemen College, Manhattanville College, Villa Maria College North Carolina Lees-McRae College, Queens University of Charlotte, William Peace University, Wingate University Ohio Antioch College, Bluffton University, Cleveland Institute of Art, College of Wooster, Defiance College, Ohio Wesleyan University Oklahoma Oklahoma City University, Oklahoma Wesleyan University Pennsylvania Gannon University, Immaculata University, Juniata College, Kings College, La Roche College, Mount Aloysius College, Saint Francis University, Thiel College, University of Pittsburgh (Johnstown, Greensburg, and Titusville campuses), University of Valley Forge South Carolina Columbia College South Carolina, Newberry College, Southern Wesleyan University South Dakota Black Hills State University Tennessee Lincoln Memorial University, Maryville College, OMore College of Design, Southern Adventist University Texas Houston Baptist University, Southwestern Assemblies of God University, Texas Wesleyan University, University of St. Thomas Vermont Goddard College, Green Mountain College, Sterling College Virginia Emory Henry College, Roanoke College West Virginia Concord University Wisconsin Alverno College, Carroll University, Edgewood College, Milwaukee School of Engineering, Northland College International John Cabot University (Italy), University of Wolverhampton (United Kingdom) Colleges that Accept the Cappex Application Ready to Begin Your Application? Its never too soon to set up your Cappex account or begin your application. If youre interested in applying to any of the schools above and you dont want to pay any application fees, visit Cappex where youll find the Free Cappex Application.

Globalisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Globalisation - Essay Example The World War I & II were the central points that proposed the idea of globalisation. The World Wars adversely affected national economies. On the basis of numerous studies conducted, economists realised that the concept of globalization would contribute to the rapid economic restructuring. In addition to the economic benefits, nations could improve its political as well technological relations globally. It is argued that globalisation can benefit developing countries more in achieving rapid economic growth. Obviously, it has several negative aspects too. This paper will critically analyse notable strengths and weaknesses of globalisation. Strengths According to Devetak and Hughes (34), globalisation connects nations through a global network, and it assists a nation to get access to foreign markets and customers. Sometimes, an organisation can attain more benefits from foreign markets than from domestic markets since the offshore country may provide better business conditions. The fa vourable conditions include cheap raw materials and labour, liberal government laws, and large number of potential customers. The removal of trade barriers promoted import and export activities by which a government acquires foreign investments. The emergence of a global financial market can be directly attributed to the concept of globalisation, which assisted the borrowers to get better access to external financing. The increased volume of national and international trade transactions will probably boost the rapid economic development of a country. The economic development of a country may raise the standard of living of its citizens. Moreover, every nation gets access to highly developed technologies so that organisations can take advantages of these improved technologies in order to enter the next phase of growth. Hence, technological improvement and increased productivity are some of the positive outcomes of globalisation. As per statistical data, â€Å"everyday more than $1.5 trillion is now swapped in the world’s currency markets and around one fifth of products and services are generated per year are bought and sold† (Benefits of Globalisation). The global interconnectedness helps nations to attract more and more investors and thereby complete their capital accumulation process successfully. It is evident that potential investors are invaluable assets of every organisation as these investors have the capacity to raise additional capital in times of unexpected contingencies. The buyer group also acquires benefits from world trade as they get better selection options through which a buyer can purchase quality goods at lower prices. Another fascinating feature of the globalisation is that it can keep inflation level lower. This feature greatly aids governments to trim down public sector spending and minimise troubles associated with a higher inflation level. The increased global trade creates a lot of employment opportunities across the glob e and thus it effectively contributes to each nation’s economy. Globalisation brought some excellent economical results in 1980s and it can be attributed to increased global trade activities. In 1986, commerce as a percentage of gross world product has risen from 15% to 27%; in addition, globalisation process brought revolutionary developments in the number of mobile phone subscribers and internet users during the last few decades (Benefits of Globalization). Weaknesses As in the case of any other potential

Basel Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Basel - Assignment Example Basel is unique and the greatest cities in Europe because of its exclusive culture and geographical location making it different from German and France cities (Bouvier, Craig, and Gossman 66). Humanism has to do with what someone believes in, for example, if a person is a Christian, his or her moral values are defined by Christianity. Reformation took place in Basel after an iconoclastic riot. The riot took place on the eve of Ash Wednesday 1529 though the transition of Basel was less violent. It all began with the need for balance between Catholics and evangelicals in 1520s. However, in 1529, it emerged that a significant percentage of Baslers were Evangelical, and so this was the beginning of iconoclastic riot (Grace). Basel City was a destination for refugees and immigrants from Northern Italy and France. The immigrants were traders and operators of business related activities such as dyeing, spinning, and weaving. Employment was high due to the growth of the mentioned business activities. The developers of the said businesses employed workers within the city. As such, this saw the development of Basel city in 16th century. On the other hand, Mayor Wettstein played an important role in the neutrality of the Swiss neutrality. The Mayor saw the need for negotiation with the German Empire during the Swiss Confederation in 1948. He successfully agreed with the Germans to recognize Swiss as a sovereign state. Bitterness arose among the country people of the region of Basel and the citizens. Their differences led to war between the peasants and the townsmen in Liesthal. As a result of the fight, the canton was divided based on the Act passed by the Helvetic Confederation. The results of the division were Basel town and Basel-Country. Yes, there was close collaboration between Piano and Beyeler. It is their close relationship that led to the design of the most famous museums in the world

The Fugitive Light Essay Example for Free

The Fugitive Light Essay Fugitive Light by Mohamed Berrada is a narration of life of an old, aging painter named Al Ayshuni. Set in Tangier, the novel opens in the house of the said painter who was caught with artistic paralysis—not able to produce what he thinks into an artistic work. He could not paint or even sketch what were on his mind. In the middle of this paralysis, Al Ayshuni would be disturbed by the presence of another character: the divorced Fatima. A young, beautiful, and highly-spirited woman, Fatima would introduce herself to Al Ayshuni, admitting that she is an avid admirer of the artist and his works. Later in the story, Fatima will play a vital part to Al Ayshuni’s life. She will bring memories to the painter as the author will try to slowly reveal the woman’s character and her connection to Al Ayshuni’s past. It would then be revealed that Fatima is the daughter of Al Ayshuni’s past lover, Ghaylana. Not only through that case could Al Ayshuni find a connection to Fatima. Their relationship would deepen as the story progresses. The divorced young lady would eventually serve as the artist’s model for his works, muse for social gatherings, and finally, lover. Al Ayshuni would struggle between his feelings for Fatima and his unfinished business with her mother Ghaylana. Most importantly, he would try to turn back time just to find again the fugitive of his life his youth. Towards the end of the story, Al Ayshuni would finally proclaim his defeat not only in the aspect of love but in the aspect of life itself. Fatima returned to Menton, a town in the Italian border, with his new husband Matthias. The old artist has failed to regain his fugitive light that he once had. Berrada has described the artist’s feeling through using his paintings as a metaphor: Who among us does not run away from something? I return to my lines and colors: I run away from the words of these memoirs and renounce the illusion of recording through them the experiences I lived. I am content to repeat: Whats gone is gone, light and color remain for me as well as space, of which I dream through them. . . . Everything else is prattle and sermonizing blown by the winds. The Novel’s Characters Al Ayshuni, as the protagonist of the novel, has showed a variety of his character while the story progresses. Those progressions in his character, nevertheless, were evidently portrayed by Berrada. Al Ayshuni was an adopted child of a rich mentor who fostered his artistic talents by providing him his financial needs and bringing him up as man of wit and intellect. He chose to further his artistic craft instead of committing his life to Ghaylana, his first love When he met Ghaylana, though, he missed the opportunity of being with her as he chose to follow his dreams and go to Spain. Ghaylana, who is much younger than Al Ayshuni, was left heartbroken; her family has able to find her a husband. Fatima, on the one hand, was described by Berrada as â€Å"†¦friendly, her words flowed with spontaneity and affection† (Berrada 2). No wonder that Al Ayshuni easily got closed to and fell in love with her eventually. She, nevertheless, was beautiful as her mother. She has â€Å"†¦ honey-colored eyes shone with an equivocal look and her chestnut hair was cut short a la garconne. Her gown hung down her body, showing its graceful form at the lines of her bosom and waist. † Young and with intellectual maturity, Fatima has easily hooked the heart of the middle-aged artist whose life is haunted by the things he did in the past. The Novel’s Themes Two struggling set of themes can be clearly seen while analyzing the novel. First is the struggle between the ideas of the past and the present, and second, the struggle between the ideas of sexual and intellectual pleasures. Berrada has included in his novel the fight between the idea of the past and the idea of the present. The main character, Al Ayshuni, was portrayed as a man who was nostalgic of his past, desiring to regain his youth. He behaved this way since the start of his romantic relationship with Fatima. While he was living with the woman, he could not control himself to be so reminiscent. He kept thinking about the possibilities he should have encountered if ever she did not leave Fatima’s mother. Moreover, one question always bothers him: If he and Ghaylana ended up together, would he also become a father and raise his own children, probably the same ages as that of Fatima’s? Unable to change the things he did in the past, Al Ayshuni just content himself with his present life—lonely, miserable, and chained to his past life. However, he still acknowledged his mistakes and accepted his faith, saying that â€Å"running after the fugitive light is an act full of torment but it exudes pleasure and the enticements of mirage . . . It can never be compared to the sterile act of searching for words to capture shreds of stored feelings. † The second set of struggling themes that can be found in the story is the issue concerning pleasure, specifically the grapple between sexual pleasure and intellectual pleasure. In the novel, Al Ayshuni left Ghaylana to cater his urge for intellectual pleasure. When finally he has fed this urge, he loss Ghaylana who caters, on one hand, his sexual desires. It was very ironic that when Al Ayshuni gained the other one, he loss the other one. This set-up was challenged though when Fatima entered the scene. Fatima embodied both pleasures. She can cater Al Ayshuni’s sexual as well as intellectual needs. In the novel, Al Ayshuni had written in one of his papers, â€Å"During Fatima’s stay with me, I was perplexed about her; she had invaded my life as my sweetheart’s daughter, she acted with attractive maturity and sensitivity she gave me to taste various kinds of physical pleasure†¦then she refused to tell me about her life. † (Berrada 88). Mohamed Berrada: The Author Mohamed Berrada is a Moroccan writer of fiction. He also critiques works of literature and translates Arabic writings. An instructor of Arabic literature himself, Berrada is being acknowledged as one of Morocco’s finest and relevant modern writers. Berrada believes in a literary movement called attajrib, which translates to English as experimentation. In this kind of movement, the writers are experimenting new techniques in their craft. They give more emphasis on fragmented and individual thoughts, narration, images, and scenes. Underlying Issues The novel tries to tackle the issues of marital relationship, social class, and nationalism. On the first few pages of the novel, Berrada has included a dialogue between Al Ayshuni and Fatima concerning about marriage and divorce. They were watching the television about an investigative report on the situation of cohabitation of men and women in France. According to the report, the number of couples who are actually living together has reached over two million. When asked about her own opinion regarding the issue, Fatima answered that she is in favor of couples living together. For her, this arrangement could be better than marriage because the couples could find time to make sure of their feelings for each other. This stand of Fatima regarding marital relationship was seen through her actions in the story. She agreed living with Al Ayshuni in one roof until she was not sure of her feelings. Towards the end of the novel, she left Al Ayshuni for another man. The issue about marriage and divorce has been subjects of debate even long ago. The underlying themes that could also be connected to this issue are love and commitment. In the novel, Al Ayshuni did not marry Ghaylana because he is still not ready for commitment. It is very much different with Fatima’s case who opted to live with Al Ayshuni instead of marrying him. Both of them were not ready for commitment, although they were in love with each other. The issue of social class was also perceived in the story through the presentation of a clear demarcation between the rich and poor during the time when the novel took place. Al Ayshuni, for example, would never fully develop his talents if without the help of the wealthy man who adopted him. The novel evidently says that education is only for those who have the money and the power. Thus, only those who had the access to education will more or less succeed in life. In line with this, the author has also included the issue of nationalism in presenting his story. In one of the book’s passages, Al Ayshuni has observed the plurality of his place, saying that â€Å"†¦it has been a gift to all races and people. A city in common? A woman gone to perdition? Space that can’t bear constraints and boundaries? † The novel is trying to critique the idea of multinationalism and endorsing the importance of having one national identity. The author may unknowingly included in the novel his actual stand about the issue through the words from Al Ayshuni: â€Å"Isn’t all this plurality of fashions, histories, and languages of its residents what brings it close to the soul that always yearns for more than one costume and one mask, for more than one love and one body, for more than one language and one space? † (Berrada 148) Finally, Berrada’s Fugitive Light is a combination of talent and experience of the author. He was able to incorporate somehow his culture and points-of-views through the characters he created. Knowing that he himself is a literary artist, the character of Al Ayshuni is no less similar to his. It could be concluded that everything he presented about this specific character is a reflection of himself and his own stands and opinions towards the same issues that he presented in his novel. In reading the novel, I could not help to question some of the things around me that I am accustomed to believe and to do. For example, I now frequently think about the issues of marriage, divorce, and living in together. Conservative as it may seems, I still believe in the power of marriage. For me, it is not only a social act, but more of an internal practice. Here, you would be able to know and learn more about yourself. I would also like to agree with the author’s own stand about nationalism. For me, the problem now with nations is the blurring of their boundaries and limitations. In the world of globalization, it seems that everything is being globalized; everything serves for specific international purposes. There is nothing wrong with that, I must say. Maybe those kinds of changes are really inevitable. What I propose is that people of all races should still have a firm grasp of their own identity—own culture, own language, own space. It does not matter whether you belong to Third World Countries or First World Nations. The idea is that all of us should still cling to who and what we are. To end, Fugitive Light by Mohamed Berrada is a novel that truly depicts the problems within third world countries: class struggles, nationalism, and even gender roles and perceptions. I would definitely recommend this book for the very mere fact that it is honest. The story does not cater to a specific class only, or for selfish intentions of the less people. It is simply true. Works Cited Berrada, Mohamed. Fugitive Light. New York: Syracuse Un

Individualism :: essays research papers fc

Individualism   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many characteristics may create one’s individualism. Personality, appearance, environment, and heredity are the characteristics that make up one’s individuality. One can control the individual he may become with the help of individualism.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Personality is a characteristic that plays a major role in one’s individuality. â€Å"One has many parts that make up his personality† (Kramer 27). One may show these parts in different ways. There are a variety of personalities that one can have. If one wants others to see him as fun, he must have a fun and joyful personality. If one has an outgoing personality, one may have many friends and have a very social life. Many times a person can be judged by his personality. One’s personality may vary from day to day. One should always try to express the most unique personality possible.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One’s appearance can clearly define one’s individuality. One’s appearance can be controlled to a certain extent. A person can truly express his individualism through his appearance. The color of one’s hair, skin, and eyes can be changed to one’s liking. The way a person looks can determine many things throughout his life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The environment in which one lives may greatly affect one’s individuality. â€Å"The people and things around one affect how one may feel about oneself† (Kramer 12-13). His environment also affects the way a person behaves. The people and things that are around one could affect how one feels and thinks about oneself. A person’s environment can be controlled. If one is not happy in his environment, he can find a more suitable place to live. In several ways, one’s environment can determine who one will become in the future.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Heredity is a characteristic that helps determine one’s individualism. Heredity controls features like the color of one’s hair, eyes, and skin. The way one is seen as a person could be determined because of one’s heredity. One may not be accepted or he may even be stereotyped by his heredity. Heredity is a characteristic that cannot be changed or altered.

Debate for the Constitution

When the U. S. constitution was made it there was a long debate over the ratification of the constitution. There were two sides in the debate, the Federalists, who were supporter of the new constitution, and were better, organized than their opponents, and the Federalists had the support of the most respected men in America, George Washington, and Benjamin Franklin. The other side of the debate was the Antifederalists, who opposed ratification; although they weren’t as organized as the Federalists they did have some dedicated supporters. One major argument used by the supporters’ side in the debates over the ratification of the U. S. constitution is that there would be disorder without a strong central government. By 1787, most people were not happy with the articles of confederation. The farmers came to be debtors: and revolts like Shays’ rebellion where happening. The Federalists argued that without a strong central government, more rebellions like Shays’ rebellion would occur. So they looked to the constitution to create a national government capable of maintaining order. According to document 1, in which the Massachusetts sentinel wrote that the United States needed to adopt the constitution to make a more efficient federal government, to help the farmers, and protect the American name and character. Also according to document 3, in which a letter written by George Washington to John Jay, where Washington agreed with Jay that the articles of confederation had to be corrected. Also Washington suggested that America needed a stronger, national government. In the end, the Federalists won but not without strong debates and arguments from the Antifederalists. One major argument used by the supporters’ side in the debates over the ratification of the U. S. Constitution is that there would be disorder without a strong central government. The documents supporting my answer were document 1, and document 3.

Language Stereotypes in Television Essay

That 70’s Show is an American sitcom that ran from 1998-2006. It takes place in 1976-1980 Wisconsin and centers around a group of highschool kids and ends a couple years after their graduation. In a way, the show proves that no matter what the decade, kids behave the same way and have mostly the same stereotypes. There are many characters who have either ethnic or gender stereotypes pinned to them through their language or how they act. The first example is also the main love interest of the show, Eric and Donna. In the later seasons, when the main relationship is more serious, Eric believes that Donna’s responsibilities when married is to stay at home and take care of the children while he worked. However, Donna, being a feminist, wanted nothing to do with staying home all the time. She wanted to explore the world and work. Another character who exemplifies a female stereotype is Jackie. She is a year younger than everyone else and her language can best be described as often high-pitched and definitely the most girly on the show. She loves pink unicorns and everything stereotypically girly. Many of the male characters can often find her â€Å"annoying† because of her overbearing girliness. The most masculine character is Hyde, and through his actions and words he expresses many male stereotypes. He is very direct with what he says and never beats around the bush. If he has a problem with something he will not hesitate to speak up and does seem to be commanding of the other characters, seeming both stronger and smarter than the other men. He uses the word â€Å"man† often, something that seems to be stereotypical of a guy. He will often use silence to his advantage when necessary. Another character is Fez(basically an acronym for â€Å"Foreign Exchange Student†), a dark colored boy whose country of origin is unknown. Being foreign, his language is poor at best since he doesn’t understand certain things that are acceptable in this late 1970’s teenage American culture, often exploited for laughs. It works because it is typical for someone learning a foreign language that differs from their native language to not make the connection between certain acceptable usages of words. Kelso is the stereotypical idiot who you can’t help but to love. He uses words such as â€Å"man† and â€Å"dude,† like many other masculine characters typically do. Words ending in â€Å"ing† are shortened to â€Å"in,† instead of saying â€Å"running,† Kelso will say â€Å"runnin. † Finally, there is Red and Kitty. Kitty speaks with a loving high pitch and is the polar opposite to Red’s stern low voice. These are both stereotypical characters, the father believes he is supposed to be the main provider and the punisher of the children, while the mother should be taking care of the children and comforting them. In the end, there are many stereotypes in television shows and movies. Some are harder to find than others, but if you look enough, they can be very easy to spot.

Russia

Russia, from the late nineteenth century onward, has been a nation of many unsuccessful experiments in government. Probably the most famous, however, was the Communist revolution of 1917, set in motion by the visionary Karl Marx. Marx planted the seed of revolution into a world where he thought it was desperately needed. Although he never lived to see the fruits of his labor, the impact he made on the world is too significant to ignore. Karl Marx was influenced by many experiences throughout his life. These influences shaped him into the man who would be the driving force behind one of the most unforgettable moments in history. Much of Marxs character came from his experiences as a child. When he was young, he displayed a lofty Christian idealism, paving his way into philosophical study. His father, since he was a lawyer, a constitutionalist, a democrat, and a Jew, drew much of the Prussian authorities unwarranted suspicion. This probably led young Karl to consider the structure of the government and possibly even instill a healthy discontent with it. Karl Marx was also an educated man; in 1836, he enrolled at the University of Berlin. There he learned about Georg Wilhelm Hegel and his Law of Thought, called the dialectic. He was very intrigued by the dialectic the most relevant part of which was the Universal World Theory. Just one of the ideas proposed within Hegels theory was that every thesis produces an antithesis, which balance out and thus produce a new thesis. This cycle continues indefinitely. The problem with Hegels theory is that God powered it, and Marxs generation was drifting more and more toward atheism, especially in the realm of politics. Feuerbachs The Essence of Christianity brought Hegels theory into the real world. It contained the necessary ideas to convert Hegels God-powered universe into the real world, as it was perceived by Marxs gen...

What is the Best Format for a Resume

What is the Best Format for a Resume So you have a resume. Great. Trouble is, you’re not sure exactly which format to send it in. Snail mail? Email? Singing telegram? What is the best format for a resume? We’ll concentrate on the electronic versions, which, nowadays, are usually how you get your foot in the door. It’s always important to have a nicely printed and professional paper copy for the interview or other face-to-face interactions, but an electronic copy is usually your first move. Here are the four types of electronic formats and how to choose between them.Word DocumentThis includes .doc, .docx, etc. Basically: anything made with a word processor. This is the standard format in most business contexts. The formatting should stay the same when opened on another machine with the same program. And it’s easy to send, open, print, and forward.bThere are a few things to be careful of: first, some companies might not accept email attachments due to virus prevention. And second, different ver sions of the software can cause formatting inconsistencies and can sometimes prevent a hiring manager from opening the document.PDFThe best part of sending a PDF is knowing that what you see when you send is exactly what they will see when they open your document. There are no virus risks. PDFs are compatible with both Mac and PC. And no one can alter what you’ve done. It’s an inviolable, perfectly formatted eternal thing.The only downside is if your company doesn’t have PDF reading software like Acrobat Reader (a free download) or cannot otherwise convert your file.HTMLHTML formatting is really useful if you want to put your resume on a website. Your formatting will stay the same when sent via email- your hiring manager will even be able to view it in their browser without downloading the attachment. The downsides are trickier though. Not all browsers work with HTML documents. You might have to download a separate program to convert your document into this form at. And it can sometimes be mistaken for SPAM by recruiters.Plain TextPlain text formatting is a bit dull to the eye (no bold, italic, underline, fancy fonts, etc.), but an undersung hero of the job search world. It can be copied and sent in the body of the email itself if a company won’t accept attachments of any kind. It can be included in a searchable database, if need be. And there are a wide variety of ways to add some creative visual effects if you do a bit of research. The only downside is you lose the control and visual appeal of a more richly formatted document.No matter which format you chose, always send a trial version to yourself or a pal and attempt to open it to see how it will look when opened in a different browser.

Human Rights in Turkey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Human Rights in Turkey - Essay Example In 2007, there were about 2830 applications lodged against the Republic of Turkey at the ECHR, and consequently, the court handed down 331 judgments on the merits issued confirming 319 contraventions and 9 non-violations (European Commission 4). Turkey remains under the control of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) as per Article 46 of the ECHR. The international human rights laws represent the body of international laws structured to foster and safeguard human rights at domestic, regional, and international levels. The international human rights law comprises of treaties agreements struck between states fashioned at binding legal effect between parties as per the norms in international law (White 71). The republic of Turkey has entered into diverse human rights commitments, some of which remain well elaborated in the Turkish Constitution. Part Two of the Turkish constitution guarantees â€Å"fundamental rights and freedoms† such as right to property, security of person , and right to life. Turkey has ratified several treaties including International Bill of Human Rights, Regional Conventions, Terrorism and Human Rights, Protocol 5-8 of the ECHR, Protocol 9-12 of the ECHR, Protection from Torture, III-Treatment and Disappearance, and Women’s Human Rights (European Commission) (Straw 104). Current situation and conflict in Turkey with the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) Turkey is home to a considerable Kurdish population comprising of 15% of Turkey’s 73 million people. Close to half of the Kurdish population lives within cities within the western Turkey. The Partiya Karkeren Kurdistan (PKK)/ Kurdish Workers’ Party (established in the late 1970s) has been waging a guerrilla war for Kurdish sovereignty or autonomy within southeastern Turkey since... This essay stresses that Human rights in Turkey are safeguarded by a series of international law treaties that take precedence over domestic legislation as per Article 90 of the constitution. The issue of human rights is of significance for Turkey’s negotiations with the European Union (EU). Acute human rights issues that feature in Turkey’s case entail the status of Kurds within Turkey. The Kurdish-Turkish conflict has yielded to numerous human rights violations over the years. Presently, there is an ongoing debate within Turkey based on guaranteeing fundamental human rights such as freedom of expression, right to life, and protection against torture, as well as freedoms of assembly, religion, and association. Much of the promised constitutional and other legal reforms have not yet taken place. Moreover, thousand of the prosecutions presented under the flawed anti-terrorism have largely failed to pass fair trial standards. This paper makes a conclusion that the violent crackdown by the police to quell the protests through the use of tear gas against peaceful protesters has been accompanied by massive violation of human rights. The use of violence by police on a large scale appears to be fashioned to refuse the right to peaceful protest and encourage others from engaging in peaceful protests. Tear-gassing of the protesters assembled in Taksim Square is unlikely to end the crisis, and if Turkey is to be considered as a rights-respecting country, the police brutality has to end, and the government should engage the protesters.